의식하지 못하거나 조절할 수 없이 저절로 일어나는
Done without will or conscious control; occurring as a reflex or instinct.
예문:
"The cold wind caused an involuntary shiver to run down his spine."
"She let out an involuntary laugh at the comedian's unexpected joke."
자신의 의사에 반하여 강제로 이루어지는
Done against someone's will or without their consent; compulsory or forced.
예문:
"The company announced a series of involuntary redundancies due to the merger."
"Economists are concerned about the rise in involuntary part-time employment."
의지에 따라 조절할 수 없는 근육이나 신체 기능에 관한
Relating to muscles or bodily functions that are not under the control of the will.
예문:
"Involuntary muscles like those in the stomach help move food through the digestive tract."
"Blinking is often an involuntary response to protect the eyes from dust."