감각에 불쾌할 정도로 거칠거나 자극적인 성질
the quality of being unpleasantly rough, jarring, or intense to the physical senses
예문:
"The harshness of the fluorescent lighting made it difficult to work for long hours."
"Adding a softener to the water can reduce the harshness of the detergent on your clothes."
"She winced at the harshness of the static coming from the old radio."
대우나 판단에 있어 잔인하거나 지나치게 엄격한 성질
the quality of being cruel, severe, or excessively strict in treatment or judgment
예문:
"Critics were shocked by the harshness of the sentence handed down by the judge."
"The harshness of his words left her feeling deeply discouraged."
"Many citizens fled the country to escape the harshness of the military regime."
기후나 환경 등이 생존하기에 매우 어렵고 힘든 상태
the condition of being difficult to endure due to extreme or unpleasant environmental factors
예문:
"Desert animals have evolved unique traits to survive the harshness of the arid climate."
"The explorers were unprepared for the extreme harshness of the Antarctic winter."
"Despite the harshness of the rocky soil, a few resilient plants managed to grow."