교회나 종교 단체에서 신자를 제명하거나 성사 참여를 금지하는 공식적인 처벌.
An institutional act of religious censure used to end or at least regulate the communion of a member of a congregation with other members, particularly in the Christian Church.
예문:
"The bishop threatened the heretical priest with excommunication if he did not recant his views."
"In medieval times, excommunication was a severe punishment that isolated individuals from both spiritual and social life."
어떤 집단이나 조직, 사회에서 공식적으로 누군가를 제외하거나 추방하는 행위.
The act of officially excluding someone from a group, organization, or society, often as a form of punishment or social ostracism.
예문:
"The whistleblower faced social excommunication from his former colleagues after the scandal broke."
"Expulsion from the political party amounted to a professional excommunication for the veteran senator."